Characteristics Of Interpersonal Communication - 746 Words

Chapter one of Looking Out, Looking In discusses interpersonal communication and impersonal communication, chapter one also discusses characteristics of a competent communicator. Interpersonal communication is a process where people exchange information using verbal and nonverbal messages and feelings, it is also described as face to face communication. People create meaning and relationships through the exchange of messages often the messages are affected by external, physiological, and psychological noise. Interpersonal communication is dependent on the number of people involved it is usually just two people. Two interacting people are called a dyad Interpersonal communication has many qualities, I am going to list three, one is†¦show more content†¦Impersonal communication is focuses on the quality of the communication rather than the quantity of it It usually includes group,public, or mass communication. Impersonal communication is used when working and in busi ness and in professional jobs. Emotions aren’t used in this type of communication. A good example of impersonal communication is the communication between a sales representative and a potential customer. The book discusses that competent communication involves achieving one’s goals in a manner that maintains or enhances the relationship. Characteristics of competent communicators that I know of personally are first instead of talking and bringing back up a situation that happened that could possibly cause conflict or discomfort for the other person instead just keeping quiet and not saying anything or bringing it back up, stepping back and figuring all the risks of bringing the subject up taking a look at the risks and benefits. I personally do this when it comes to communicating with family or friends those that are close to me, I am sensitive to what they would feel about what Im saying and the outcomes of what im saying, for example I dont tend to bring upShow M oreRelatedCharacteristics Of Interpersonal Communication810 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinctive characteristic of interpersonal communication. In the movie You’ve Got Mail, it tells a story of two bookstore owners who were enemies. But when they anonymously met online, they fell in love with each other. The movie You’ve Got Mail portrays interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal relationships are between two or more people. Through out the paper, there are five different interpersonal relationships, for example, identity, emotions, nonverbal communication, listening and communication. TheRead MorePersonality And Interpersonal Communication : Chapter 5 Summary887 Words   |  4 Pages Personality and Interpersonal Communication – Chapter 5 Summary Lula W. Wallace Liberty University â€Æ' Personality and Interpersonal Communication I. The way humans communicate is influenced by heritage and biological make-up. A. There have been several studies on genetics to make claims about human personality. B. It is believed that people are susceptible to certain behaviors II. The importance of what makes people different has been questioned by many scholars A. Researchers continue to argueRead MoreThe Role Of NVC In Interpersonal Communication Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role Of NVC In Interpersonal Communication During interpersonal communication only 30% is communicated verbally. The remaining 70% is messages sent, sometimes unconsciously, as non-verbal communication. NVC is seen to transmit emotional information that our ordinary speech does not. It can be divided into nine main areas and these can be divided into many sub divisions. It is worth remembering that all the areas interact with each other and they co-exist alongsideRead MoreTherapeutic Relationship in Nursing1433 Words   |  6 Pagesinteraction to be meaningful and have a positive impact on the health outcomes of the patient, the nurse needs to build interpersonal connections with the patient to form a therapeutic relationship. The nurse also needs to be aware of the patient’s culture and practice in a culturally safe way when establishing this relationship. In this essay the main characteristics of both interpersonal connectedness and the therapeutic relationship will be described using relevant literature. It will then go on toRead More The Breakfast Club Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of the principles of interpersonal communication. Five high school students: Allison, a weirdo, Brian, a nerd, John, a criminal, Claire, a prom queen, and Andrew, a jock, are forced to spend the day in Saturday detention. By the end of the day, they find that they have more in common than they ever realized. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I will begin by selecting a scene from the movie and using it to explain what interpersonal communication is. The interpersonal transaction I chose to isolateRead MoreInterpersonal Communication : The Heart And Soul Of Communication1366 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is the heart and soul of communication. Interpersonal communication affects how individuals communicate with their parents, significant others, and immediate others, before expanding to other areas of life. Through communication, scholars have been able to predict an array of different reactions through calculated uses of surveys and questionnaires. The Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) model defines violation expectedness â€Å"as the extent to which behavior varies fromRead MoreTherapeutic Relationship in Nursing1440 Words   |  6 Pagesinteraction to be meaningful and have a positive impact on the health outcomes of the patient, the nurse needs to build interpersonal con nections with the patient to form a therapeutic relationship. The nurse also needs to be aware of the patient’s culture and practice in a culturally safe way when establishing this relationship. In this essay the main characteristics of both interpersonal connectedness and the therapeutic relationship will be described using relevant literature. It will then go on toRead MoreTaking a Look at Interpersonal Communication1139 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-verbal communication among different cultures, ethnic groups and societies. We all practice communication some how, but I feel privileged of learning more details about the concepts of interpersonal communications after finishing the course. Each chapter of the book offers a very interesting, and educational instruction about social problems in relation to communication. I enjoyed reading about the roots of the different types of human behaviors. I consider the study of interpersonal communicationRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theor y And Its Significance1650 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction The research reviews expectancy violation theory and its significance in understanding interpersonal communication. The theory highlights the unexpected behavior of human being while interacting (Dainton, 2011). This theory is based on the reduction uncertainty where ambiguity on behaviors of others is reduced through interaction. Expectancy violations theory offers some prospect to compare the personality of traditional empiricism with humanism. The theory wasRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Its Effects On The Family And Community822 Words   |  4 Pagesneed for interpersonal relationships including intimate, business, and family relationships, and friendship. The topic of interpersonal relationships has been an area of concern for many disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Academicians aim to discover the combination of factors that sustain or hinder interpersonal relations and why people need them. In this quest, many theories, concepts, and axioms have been proposed to explain the complex notion of interpersonal relationships

Federalist Essay - 1453 Words

After winning their independence in the American Revolution, Americas leaders were hesitant to create a strong centralized government in fear that it would only replace King George IIIs tyranny. As a result, the first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, gave the national government hardly any power over the states, and created chaos within the nation. Because of the Articles inefficiency, a new document called the Constitution was drafted. The Constitution created a more centralized government with the separation of powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The ratification of this new constitution created a debate among the federalists and the anti-federalists. The federalists were supporters of the†¦show more content†¦2: Jay). Jay set out to persuade the public about the importance of their voice in ratifying the Constitution by appealing to their sense of patriotism and by reminding them of their own powers to judge upon the validity of t he arguments. The federalists made it very clear that they, and the future Constitution, would take the views of the public with serious consideration. In the same essay, Jay also wrote that the people must cede to it some of their natural rights, in order to vest it with requisite powers. He reminded the people to look out for the interest of the nation as a whole. Increasing distrust in public affairs and the search for private rights were some of the distresses the infant nation was undergoing. These must be chiefly, if not wholly, effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administration (No.10: Madison). The federalists believed that a republican form of government was the best remedy in eliminating factions, citizens with a common inspiring cause that acted harmfully to another, without destroying liberty. This would be possible because a higher number of representatives would guard against the factions, which would nev er become the majority under the republic. After an unequivocal experience of the inefficacyShow MoreRelatedThe Federalist And Anti Federalist1263 Words   |  6 Pages The Anti-Federalist put up a long and hard fight, however, they were not as organized as the Federalists. While the Anti- Federalist had great concerns about the Constitution and National government, the Federalist had good responses to combat these concerns. The Federalist were and for the Constitution and feel the Article of Confederation were not worth ratifying, these should be scrapped altogether. They felt that the Articles limited the power of congress, because congress had to request cooperationRead MoreFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe subject of numerous debates. The contending groups consisted of Federalists, those who supported ratification, and Anti-Federalists, those opposed to the constitution. Each group published a series of letters known as the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalist papers objected to provisions of the proposed constitution while the Federalist Papers defended the rationale behind the document. An ti-Federalist objections included that; the United States was too extensive to beRead MoreFederalists Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesJeffersonian Republicans were focused on giving power to the people and maintaining a pastoral economy, while the Federalists supported the control of the government by the elite class, and maintaining â€Å"positive† democracy. Both parties feared the influence and effect the other party would have on the public. In Linda K. Kerbers article, â€Å"The Fears of the Federalists†, the major concerns Federalists held in the early 19th century are described. 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Federalists believed in the idea of a larger heterogeneous republic whereas anti federalists wanted a small homogenous republic. Famous federalists like James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton are responsibleRead MoreFederalist Papers : The Federalist Paper1617 Words   |  7 PagesDaniel Gasca Mr. Brooks AP Government Period 1 10/27/15 The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers Ten and Fifty-One were the ideal papers written by Madison to support th ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬e ratification of the Constitution. Out of all the federalist papers, these are two of the most important federalist papers. So what were the federalist papers? They were 85 essays written by three gentlemen: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay that explained particular provisions of the Constitution in detailRead MoreThe Federalist Papers 1250 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction The Federalist Papers present a series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. This volume of eighty-five essays, written between October 1787 and May 1788, is perhaps the most famous, and at the same time the most important newspaper column ever published. These essays are considered to be among the most important documents of the Founding period, together with the Constitution and Civil Rights Act. In these essays the authors provided facts and justificationRead MoreFederalist No. 10 And No Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pages Federalist No. 10 and No. 51, essays are Madison’s arguments about the fictions provides details about the cause, effect, and solutions to deal with factions. The two Federalist essays, which are highly regarded today, are the numbers 10 and 51. In these essays. Madison explained that in a large state a variety of factions and interests could terminate one another out and it makes it tough for any single faction to create a majority and hijack the government for its interests. Arguing and lobbyingRead More Federalist 10 Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesFederalist 10 Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someones crucial point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of manRead MoreThe Federalist 10, By James Madison858 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Federalist 10, it is mostly about the constitution. It was written by James Madison, who oversaw it. The main purpose of this article is faction. In politics, faction is people that group themselves. Madison said that in the republic. Madison says that the number one common characteristic is the largest people. The democracy would be possible because you couldn’t create a majority group of people that would have a lot in common. However now, democracy become too big in this scale. People don’t

Workplace Guidelines Improving Ergonomics -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Workplace Guidelines Improving Ergonomics? Answer: Introduction The reports deal with the case study of the Streakers hair and beauty salon. The owner had sold the salon to a new owner. The owner plans to appoint one of the current staff as manager. The owner aims to assure safe workplace. As he is himself not the hairdresser, he is uncertain about the safety associated with the equipments used in the work place. Therefore, he plans a comprehensive plant risk assessment. Plant refers to the appliances, machinery, equipments and tools. In reference to the case study the report identifies the plant hazards at Streakers. Further, risk assessment is conducted in relation to three of the plant hazards, using the WHS CouncilCode of Practice on Risk Management. The report then presents the appropriate control measures to minimise the risk of each identified plant hazards. The control measures would be based on the hierarchy of control. Risk assessment and control risks are necessary to avoid hazards abiding by legal requirements. It will help ensure tha t the workplace is in alignment with WHS regulations (Armstrong et al. 2009). Identification of hazards using relevant guides and documentation The following plant hazards are identified in the chosen organisation- Biological hazards- are known to be agents of biological source such as microorganisms, or their toxins that may affect the human health. Hazards due to biological materials are known as biohazards (Archer 2015). Exposure to infected scalp through washing hair, without gloves, working with wet hair may lead to dermatitis and others disease among staff. Biological hazard may occur by mishandling or inappropriate disposal of sharps like scissors, syringes, razor blades, and others. The risk of cuts and wound is very high and may lead to spread of blood borne infections (Wshc.sg 2018). Physical hazards- are designed as the factors or agents within the environment that may cause harm with or without direct contact (Archer 2015). Electrical hazards- may occur due to use of equipments such as hair dryers, straightners, and others. It may cause serious health and safety risks in wet conditions. There are frequent incidents of Electrical shock that results in burns and injuries. It is mainly attributed to the exposed live parts such as conductors, and electric fire mainly results from heating equipments and overloaded circuits (Wshc.sg 2018). Slip and fall injury- there is an increase risk of slips and falls due to use of spray products and excess hair. It makes the floors slippery and not using the shoes increases the risk of injury. Hairdressers spend a lot of time on feet and make repetitive movements with upper arms and hands. It leads to repetitive stress injuries such as bursitis. Hairdressers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and shoulders (Wshc.sg 2018). Chemical hazards- are the type of hazards at occupational place that occur due to exposure to harmful chemicals that may have detrimental effects on health (Archer 2015). Workers may be exposed to wide range of chemical products used in hairdressing that may lead to various health effects such as dermatitis, asthma, or cancer. The chemicals may include bleaches, dyes, shampoos, oxidative colourants for hair, perm solutions, sterilising liquid, etc. The chemicals may be harmful due to corrosive and reactive nature. Dyes splashing on unprotected hands may lead to skin irritations (Wshc.sg 2018). Assessment of risks and recommendation of controls Risk assessment is the process of the gaining knowledge of potential risks associated with the identified hazards in order to develop the control measures. In this process the likelihood of occurrence of harm is measured. In order to assess the risk for identified hazards the risk level matrix will be used by Archer (2015, p. 124). Risk assessment would be conducted for three of the above mentioned plant hazards. Risk assessment for chemical hazards- likelihood is likely. There is medium risk of non-significant injuries such as irritations for short duration that may not require medical interventions. Minor injuries- can be of high level risk due to customers and staff eye irritations, allergic reactions/infections or temporary period requiring minimal medical interventions. There s low risk of major injuries due to chemical such as permanganate damage caused bleaching agents. The risk of severe consequences is low. Risk assessment for the biological hazards- likelihood is likely. There is high risk of major injury such as contracting HIV through cuts and gazes to staff and clients. There is high risk of blood borne infections without any protective equipment. Risk assessment for the physical hazards- the likelihood is likely. There is medium risk to staff due to minor injuries such as electric shock or burn. There is a moderate risk of severe injury such as fire and fatality due to electric hazard. The risk of nonsignificant injuries due to electric hazard is very low and minor injuries are medium. Control of hazards and risks The hazards can be controlled using hierarchy of control which is the system to minimise the hazard exposure. In the order of decreasing effectiveness, the control measures are- Eliminations- eliminating the source of the hazard by removal of equipments/agents Substitutions- replacement of the source of hazard with another agent that may reduce hazard Engineering controls- In this process people are isolated from hazards using certain barriers Administrative controls- is the change in the pattern of work conducted by the staff. It may include installation of safety equipments, procedural changes, employee training. These controls only limit the exposure to the hazard. Personal protective equipments- include gloves, goggles and safety footwear (Archer et al. 2015). Applying the hierarchy of control the chemical hazards can be controlled in following manner- Eliminating- nickel plated equipment for hair dressing, eliminating products contributing to dermatitis Substitutions-replacement of chemicals with safer alternatives, provision of health information for employees, replace bleaches with non-dusty bleach Engineering controls- local exhaust ventilation, use of safety glasses Administrative controls flammable chemicals stored in cool place Personal protective equipments- provision of gloves, aprons, safety data sheets, covered shoes when handling corrosive agents (Wshc.sg 2018, Mom.gov.sg 2018). Applying the hierarchy of control the physical hazards can be controlled in following manner- Elimination - removal of faulty electrical equipments Administrative control- employee training on the reporting of faulty electrical equipments or exposed wiring, creating employee awareness on the evacuation assembly point, provides fire safety instructions, and handling of fire extinguishers. Display of safety signs wherever needed PPE- use gloves for all the wet works (Wshc.sg 2018, Mom.gov.sg 2018). Applying the hierarchy of control the biological hazards can be controlled in following manner- Substitutions- replace the reusable equipments such as razor, tissues, blades with single use purpose Engineering control- work environment designed that does not contain clean and contaminated instruments. Reinstallation of the fittings, implement hand hygiene practices Administrative control- employee training should be provided by supervisors, on first aid to protect from sharp injury, mandatory training on risk of blood-borne diseases (by enlisting MOM assistance) (Mom.gov.sg 2018). Implement the procedures for cleaning, sterilising and disinfectant of equipments. Effective disposal instructions for disposing sharps and other equipments must be provided. PPE- use of gloves for contacting the bloody substances and contaminated equipments, face masks and eye protection during cleaning (Wshc.sg 2018, Mom.gov.sg 2018). Occupational health legislations shall be implemented for controlling all three hazards (Pereira et al. 2016). Monitor and review The controls will be monitored using the risk assessment form during the audit. The form ensure that the controls were actually implemented and were effective. It will include checking for any additional controls (Archer 2015). The sample review form is given in the Appendix - The review process for three of the hazards using the above framework is as follows- Physical hazard may be caused by the fire due to faulty electrical equipments. The staff may suffer burns and shocks. The existing controls in this category are employee training on reporting of faulty equipments and removal of the same by the person in charge. There is fire extinguisher in place. Therefore, there is medium risk of hazard. The additional controls may be checking of water thermostats every year and other electrical equipment by electrician every five years. It may reduce the risk to low level. The person to implement the additional control would be the owner of salon (Mom.gov.sg 2018, Wshc.sg 2018). Biological hazard may be caused by- wet hand works such as washing hair and use of contaminated sharps. The possible injuries include severe dry skin, infection and increased sensitivity. The staff may be affected during hair cleaning, spa or hair dye. The risk is moderate due to existing controls such as substitutions of sharps with single use, PPE, and administrative controls such as first aid training to staff and safe disposal techniques. The risk is moderate and with additional controls it may be low. It may include checking of compliance guidines by owner as well as regular health check after any injury. Initiative can be taken by owner (Singapore Workplace Safety and Health Council 2015, Mom.gov.sg 2018, Wshc.sg 2018). Chemical hazard may be caused by activity of using hydrogen peroxide/bleach product/oxidative colourants. It might harm the staff. The possible risk injury is the skin irritations or allergic reactions on hands. Existing controls are the use of PPE, engineering controls- use of safety glasses, and administrative controls flammable chemicals stored in cool place. The risk likelihood is medium risk. The additional control may include owner to take control of skin assessment of staff every three months. The risk would then decrease to medium level. The implementation of the control would be the owners responsibility from the date of the commencement of new control (Singapore Workplace Safety and Health Council 2015, Wshc.sg 2018). For serious risks the control measures will be reviewed more frequently to check compliance with OSH legislations (Quinlan et al. 2010). Re-assessment of risk based on ALARP principles Using the WHS CouncilCode of Practice, the safety in design checklist will be used to reassess the physical, chemical and biological hazard. Reassessment for the controls using the risk assessment table is as follow Risk assessment for chemical hazards- likelihood is Unlikely for the staff. There is low risk of non-significant injuries. Minor injuries- have low level risk. There is no risk of major injuries or of severe consequences. Risk assessment for the biological hazards- likelihood is unlikely. There is low risk of major injury such as contracting HIV through cuts and gazes to staff and clients. There is no risk of blood borne infections using protective equipment. Risk assessment for the physical hazards- the likelihood is rare. There is low risk to staff due to minor injuries. There is low injury such as fire and fatality due to electric hazard. The risk of nonsignificant injuries and minor injuries are low. The new risk ratings are acceptable and it confirms to the ALARP principle. It refers to As low as reasonably practicable. Yes it is cost effective to introduce the new controls. After introducing the controls the risk is minimised and in future the chemical and biological hazards would be unlikely to occur. The physical hazards are rarely likely to occur (Archer 2015, p. 127). It is reasonable as in most cases there are very few models that are completely eliminated. In some cases the engineering controls does incur cost and aligns with the ALARA, as low as reasonably achievable principle. Moreover, some of the controls are assumed to already exist in the organisation, which means overall cost is balanced. Risks are eliminated based on the RPN [risk prioritisation number] for acceptability. If the risk level has high RPN only then risk is eliminated. Wherever possible, risks are reduced to at least a Medium level by additional controls (Singapore Workplace Safety and Health Council 2015). Plant purchasing policy for future purchases The policy may state the objective clearly as the plant procurement represents value for money. The objective is to promote health and staff of community. Purchasing requirements must state who is authorised to purchase the plant. The policy will state the requirements pertaining to monetary thresholds, any conflicts of interest so that the purchasing decision must be transparent. The buyer must have information on categories of diverse suppliersthat the organisation recognises and circumstances of waiver for bidding (Monczka et al. 2015). The proposed plant purchasing policy may enlist requirements that can be agreed upon by the seller and buyer before purchasing. The requirement may include safety information and its alignment with the national standards, hazards identified, risk assessment, the existing control measures in place and documentation of modifications to the workplace (if any). To ensure safety the requirements that will be included in the policy before purchasing plant are details on the employee training and review of information pertaining to compliance with ALARP principle (Archer et al. 2015). The policy will highlight the confidentiality of the information to be maintained, after the procurement organization has established a contract with a supplier. The confidentiality may be related to the supplier terms, and internal supplier preferences. The policy will also contain checks so that the buyer may be ensured of safety information necessary to handle the plant, stable condition of the plant, safe maintenance and safety procedure and safe implementation of the risk controls for identified hazards. It will help the buyer to know the existing controls in place and need of any additional control or administrative control such as employee training. Lastly, the plant will include details on retention of procurement records and duration to retain (Archer et al. 2015). Refer to Appendix for checks on purchasing policy. Conclusion The assignment presented the identification of hazards, assessment of risks for the Streakers hair and beauty salon. Appropriate controls are recommended and then re-assessd based on the ALARP principles. For future appropriate plant purchasing policy is highlighted. It can be concluded that risk should be controlled by eliminating as much reasonably possible. Irrespective of several guidelines mentioned in the textbooks, OHS regulations must be implemented regardless. Duty holders are obliged to control risks to ensure health and safety. References Archer, R, Borthwick, K, Travers, M Ruschena, L 2015, WHS a management guide, 4th edn, Cengage Learning, South Melbourne. Armstrong, J., Crosland, A., Green, M. and Nordmann, L., 2009.Salon Services: The Official Guide to the City and Guilds Certificate in Salon Services. Cengage Learning EMEA. Mom.gov.sg 2018.WORKPLACE SAFETYHEALTH PROFILE 2014. [online] Mom.gov.sg. Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/safety-health/reports-stats/wsh-profile/wsh-profile-2014.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Pereira, M.J., Straker, L.M., Comans, T.A. and Johnston, V., 2016. Inter-rater reliability of an observation-based ergonomics assessment checklist for office workers.Ergonomics,59(12), pp.1606-1612. Quinlan, M, Bohle, P Lamm, F 2010, Managing occupational health and safety: A multidisciplinary approach, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra. Singapore Workplace Safety and Healthcare Council 2015, Code of practice on workplace safety and health (WSH) risk management, 2nd Revision, Published by the Workplace Safety and Health Council in collaboration with the Ministry of Manpower. Wshc.sg 2018.Improving Ergonomics in the Workplace. [online] Wshc.sg. Available at: https://www.wshc.sg/files/wshc/upload/event/file/Improving%20Ergonomics%20in%20the%20Workplace.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Wshc.sg 2018.Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines Improving Ergonomics in the Workplace. [online] Wshc.sg. Available at: https://www.wshc.sg/files/wshc/upload/cms/file/2014/WSH_Guidelines_ImprovingErgonomicsintheWorkplace.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018].

Vendor Managed Inventory free essay sample

Based on the risk factors associated with the Bugabyte and the Bugabyte Lite, which product do you think Grunwald and Vogel will recommend as the best candidate for assembly outsourcing? To decide which product, either Bugabyte or Bugabyte Lite, is the best candidate, Metrovox has to identify its core competencies and to outsource non-core activities. I personally think Grunwald and Vogel will recommend Bugabyte Lite for assembly outsourcing while Bugabyte to be kept assembling in-house and not to pass out to others to perform. Bugabyte Lite has been on market for over six years with the same quality but a new look. It has a well established assembly process and product testing. This helps Metrovox to outsource its Bugabyte Lite because Metrovox can easily establish production standards and testing guidelines in its requirement documents for outsourcers to follow. It also helps Metrovox to establish performance indices to access quality control. So, those outsourcers have a higher chance of meeting Metrovox’s high quality product expectations. We will write a custom essay sample on Vendor Managed Inventory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By contrast, the Bugabyte is still relatively new on the market and just recently Metrovox has included several new stages in their assembly stage. Communication to those Bugabyte outsourcers to comply with the new production stages standards may not be easy initially and so Metrovox may sacrifice the high Bugabyte product quality as usual. Indeed, there is also a significant amount of proprietary information that is used in Bugabyte circuit board testing. This means that releasing this proprietary information to the Bugabyte outsourcers for testing must pose a significant threat on Metrovox because outsourcing Bugabyte assembly line means releasing Bugabyte design and specification details to some third-parties and may ultimately lead to Bugabyte imitation’ opportunities. On the one hand, Metrovox would want to highlight the Bugabyte handheld video devices. On the other hand, outsourcing Bugabyte assembly line is not compatible with Metrovox’s strategy as Metrovox relies on product differentiation and high quality control to assure its market position and competitive advantage. However, outsourcing Bugabyte Lite assembly line will not pose similar problems and it seems a wiser strategy to pursue as mentioned above. 2. Based on Grunwald and Vogel’s decision, what will be the benefits and disadvantages of outsourcing the assembly function? In the case of Metrovox, benefits of outsourcing the Bugabyte Lite assembly function include improving customer service and focusing only on core competencies of Bugabyte’s assembling and testing. The key problem, as it was mentioned, is â€Å"due to the recent development of the video capable Bugabyte, Metrovox is experiencing increasing production delays. † Outsourcing Bugabyte Lite would help Metrovox to allocate sufficient key resources on developing Bugabyte, in line with Metrovox’s strategy on product differentiation. At the same time, outsourcing Bugabyte Lite will reduce the burden of Metrovox’s resources on the assembly process as it is not viewed as an aspect that contributes to the product’s competitive advantage. This helps Metrovox to deliver Metrovox products, both Bugabyte and Bugabyte Lite, on time and to reduce the late delivery rate. Nevertheless, outsourcing the Bugabyte Lite may mean loss of company control on the production and the testing procedures. This may lead to unsatisfied Bugabyte Lite product quality and delay product delivery as well. However, as mentioned above, Metrovox can establish production standards, testing guidelines, and performance indices to communicate Metrovox’s high expectations to its suppliers and to monitor the Bugabyte Lite product quality. Also, before outsourcing the Bugabyte Lite, Metrovox must check out each supplier’s assembly and testing capabilities, quality level and associated risks. At the same time, Metrovox must gather enough information to ensure that those suppliers can deliver the Bugabyte Lite devices on time, as it is one of the main reason that Metrovox would want to reduce its own late delivery rate. In the event that Metrovox can outsource the assembly of the circuit boards to an existing supplier, discuss the key contract issues Metrovox will need to consider with their supplier. Some of the key contract issues are of the following: (1) the quality and volume of the goods being purchased, clearly calculated price of the goods and the currency being used, and the discounts availability as volumes increase; (2) the payment terms, including the payment method and documentation, the payment due, the time frame payment that must be made,  and the discounts availability for accelerated payments; (3) the delivery terms, including the delivery method and destination, the delivery dates or expected arrival dates, the expectation for the condition of the good, the transfer of ownership and risk of loss and damage as determined by Incoterms, the type of logistics costs related to imports and transportation are covered in the price, and the responsibilities of paying for the packing, car go insurance and customs duties. The fulfillment of the standard import and export documentation and regulations when shipping the goods internationally; and (5) the remedies, force majeure, hardship, termination clause and penalty clause if circumstances go beyond one part’s control and make it unreasonably difficult to fulfill. 4. What inventory management strategy should Grunwald and Vogel recommend Metrovox adopt to ensure efficiencies throughout their entire supply chain? Inventory management is crucial to the Metrovox’s success to meet its customer demand. However, currently Metrovox cannot reasonably predict future demand and the annual demand for the Bugabyte in the first year of release is 300 percent over forecasted demands. Also currently Metrovox is experiencing 30 percent late delivery rate. The key solution I personally think is to help Metrovox to enhance its inventory management efficiency and to maintain optimum inventory levels so to manage and handle customer demand fluctuations. To enhance Metrovox’s inventory management efficiency, applying the latest inventory tracking technology like barcodes and RFID tagging will help Metrovox to note down inventory items on a regular basis and movement of items out of inventory in its warehouses. To help to maintain Metrovox’s optimum inventory levels, establishing Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) system with Metrovox’s key suppliers in which the inventory is monitored, managed, and planned by the suppliers on behalf of Metrovox will help those suppliers better response to the Metrovox’s immediate inventory needs because those suppliers will be able to schedule deliveries more efficiently. At the same time, the quick response strategy can be used by Metrovox to maintain (or to reduce) optimum inventory levels. Based on the strategy, Metrovox will collaborate with its key retailers to access to the point of sales data generated at checkouts. Then Metrovox is able to manage inventory more properly and reduce the lead times because Metrovox can develop more accurate customer demand forecasts.

The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market free essay sample

In previous years, beer’s core segmentation was age group 21-27, this demographic bottomed out in the late 1990’s to early 2000’s, but projections are showing that this core demographic will be the top demographic again by 2010 according to beerprofit. com. Studies have shown the 40% of the adult market are expected to be regular beer consumers by 2011. This paper will discuss Medelo’s international expansion through strategic partnerships, next steps into a foreign market for Modelo, challenges from InBev, Modelo’s direct competitor, and whether Modelo should diversify its business. (HTB, 2008) Modelo’s International expansion with Strategic Partnerships Grupo Modelo is the biggest brewer in Mexico and is based in Mexico City. Model has built several breweries in states throughout Mexico for logistics, warehousing and transportation strategies. Grupo Model best known product is Corona, while it best selling brand is Corona Light. Within Mexico, their biggest selling brand is Modelo Especial which is a premium pale lager thats more comparable in quality to Dos XX than its lightweight Corona. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most beers sold in Mexico are standard light bodied lager brews that are similar to U. S. and Canadian lagers. Especial are sometimes viewed as a premium brands, while Pacifico has a certain cachet on the Pacific coast, and Corona and Sol are both super light bodied brands with painted labels and that appeal to a fun in the sun kind of marketing mentality. In 1985, Grupo Modelo started exploring other markets, first Canada and Japan, and later on Australia and New Zealand. In 1989, the organization moved into Europe when an office in Brussels was opened, later Russia, Africa and Latin America, the Modelo brands are present in 159 countries. In 1997, Anheuser-Busch and Grupo Modelo agreed to purchase 37% of the brewer to gain some revenue and capital opportunities for Modelo. Under the agreement, Anheuser-Busch has invested $605 million, bringing its total investment in Mexicos largest beer company to more than $1 billion. The agreement also allowed for Anheuser-Busch to acquire another 17% at a later date. In 2003, Anheuser-Busch acquired a 17. 7 percent direct and indirect interest in Grupo Modelo and its subsidiary, Diblo, S. A. for $477 million. This gave Anheuser-Busch financial control over the Modelo. By 1996, the acquisition was complete. Our taking a larger stake in Modelo is advantageous for both companies, said Anheuser-Busch Chairman of the Board and President August A. Busch III. Grupo Modelo is a well-managed company with a great heritage. Mexico is a key market in our overall approach to globalizing our company. There is great potential in the Mexican beer market. Our association with Modelo will help grow that market and enhance our already strong relationship with the Mexican-American community. (Chalmers, 2009) Grupo Modelo’s Next Foreign Market and Strategy In 2005, Grupo Modelo and Anheuser-Busch agreed to import Modelos beers into China, the worlds largest beer market, the Mexico City-based Grupo Modelo, who is half-owned by Anheuser-Busch and exclusive importer of Anheuser-Buschs brands in Mexico, including Budweiser and Bud Light. Grupo Modelo holds 62. 8 percent of the total beer market share in Mexico as of Dec. 31, 2005. The agreement with Anheuser-Busch for China covered Corona Extra as well as other Grupo Modelo brands to be distributed in the future. Apart of the strategy was to expand Corona Extra. Corona Extra is the No. 1 Mexican beer sold in the world and the most popular imported beer in the U. S. , regardless of origin. This new partnership ideally complements the international strategy that Modelo has successfully implemented for several decades, said Carlos Fernandez, chairman and CEO of Grupo Modelo, in a statement. Grupo Modelo exports seven brands with a presence in more than 150 countries. (Chalmers, 2006) The Challenges from InBev InBev, the largest beer company in the world produces over 200 beer brands produced and sold throughout the world. Its flagship brands are Budweiser, Stella Artois, Brahma, Becks and Leffe. InBev has operations in over 30 countries and sales in over 130 countries. In 2006 it had a market capitalization of â‚ ¬30. 6 billion and net profit of â‚ ¬3. 2 billion on sales of â‚ ¬13. 3 billion. InBev was created in 2004 from the merger of the Belgian company Interbrew and the Brazilian company AmBev. Before the merger with Ambev, Interbrew was the third largest brewing company in the world by volume, Anheuser-Busch was the largest, followed by SABMiller in second place. Heineken International was in fourth place and AmBev was the worlds fifth largest brewer. On June 12, 2008, InBev announced that it has made a US$46 billion offer for the brewing firm Anheuser-Busch. This merger joined two of the worlds four largest brewing companies (based on revenue) and created a company that brews three of the top beers in the world Bud Light, Budweiser and Skol. InBev also stated that the merger would not result in any U. S. brewery closures and they would also attempt to keep on management and board members from both companies. On Sunday, July 13, 2008, Anheuser-Busch announced that they had agreed to an acquisition by InBev valued at about US$52 billion in cash, or $70 per share. As a condition, InBev will be renamed AB-InBev and Anheuser-Busch would retain two seats on the board of directors. This created a problem for Modelo because Anheiser-Busch has acquired a 51% stake in 2003. Even though the deal was crafted so that Modelo could buy back its majority interest. After the announcement of the AB InBev merger, Modelo sued it US Constellation partner who is partnered with InBev so the InBev could assume a hostile takeover of the company. That arbitration is ongoing. (Kesmodel, 2009) Should Grupo Modelo Diversify its Business? While Modelo still ranks as the 4th largest brewer behind AB-Inbev, SABMiller, Heiniken International, it is the only brewer controls 65%+ in its home country. The other bottlers have found fortune in diversifying into foods, Modelo may be best served with an expansion into other products to boost its name and brand. SABMiller is the outsource bottler Coca Cola Africa. Pepsi has expanded into other brands by acquiring Gatorade, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Oats. Its side brands now account for 55% of of its revenue. Modelo could be better served acquiring established food brands or international food processing plants. AB-InBev has diversified, SABMiller has diversified. Heineken has diversified by isolating its beer brands to different markets Europe, Asia, Americas, Caribbean, and South America. With the top selling single beer product in the world, the company can build some momentum based on that product. Conclusion Grupo Model is poised to take a substantial place in the world market. It is known the throughout the bottle world for its robust and efficient processes. It has been able to expand into foreign markets while keeping its signature product as the number one selling product in the world. It has been able to merge with the largest beer company in the world and still keep it operational control over its products and withstand competitive challenges from direct competitors seeking to penetrate its principal markets. With the establishment of the number one brand beer, Modelo seems poised to leverage its brand into different markets and diversifications.

Free Essays on Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny- The Intangible of American History I believe that what this paragraph is saying that American history is not only inevitable but also divinely ordained. Coining the Phrase The idea of Manifest Destiny became the guide to American expansion. A Movement as Old as America Itself The reasoning behind the expansion into Florida and other territories was that destiny’s purpose was to have them there and that it was their right to have any land they wanted. I believe that it was inevitable that they were going to explore and that this philosophy came over with Christopher Columbus and the settlers. A Disputed Philosophy This section is about opposing attitudes and views about Manifest Destiny. One view says that we are endangered by greatness and can’t advance without impending peril. I find this to be very true, especially with the issues that are now going on. The other view says that the expansion was the natural course of events and Mexico perceived to be lower than Anglo-Saxons (Americans). The Religious Influence The belief was that it was God’s will to expand to the Western Territories. It was also the belief that God had the power to guide human destiny. I do believe that there is a divine purpose for what has and what will happen. A Sense of a Mission Some consider expansion God’s will, while others consider it the inevitable. Even though the expansion brought continual death and hardship, the tempt of Manifest Destiny continued to interest expansionist. The Dark Side The dark side of Manifest Destiny exposed the American’s position that our settlement of the land was predestination. The expansion caused mass devastation, restraint of Indians, and full-blown genocide. Expansion into the Western Territories gave light to the American dream of freedom and independence. The Eternal Doctrine Manifest Destiny is the eternal doctrine because it is unsure of... Free Essays on Manifest Destiny Free Essays on Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny- The Intangible of American History I believe that what this paragraph is saying that American history is not only inevitable but also divinely ordained. Coining the Phrase The idea of Manifest Destiny became the guide to American expansion. A Movement as Old as America Itself The reasoning behind the expansion into Florida and other territories was that destiny’s purpose was to have them there and that it was their right to have any land they wanted. I believe that it was inevitable that they were going to explore and that this philosophy came over with Christopher Columbus and the settlers. A Disputed Philosophy This section is about opposing attitudes and views about Manifest Destiny. One view says that we are endangered by greatness and can’t advance without impending peril. I find this to be very true, especially with the issues that are now going on. The other view says that the expansion was the natural course of events and Mexico perceived to be lower than Anglo-Saxons (Americans). The Religious Influence The belief was that it was God’s will to expand to the Western Territories. It was also the belief that God had the power to guide human destiny. I do believe that there is a divine purpose for what has and what will happen. A Sense of a Mission Some consider expansion God’s will, while others consider it the inevitable. Even though the expansion brought continual death and hardship, the tempt of Manifest Destiny continued to interest expansionist. The Dark Side The dark side of Manifest Destiny exposed the American’s position that our settlement of the land was predestination. The expansion caused mass devastation, restraint of Indians, and full-blown genocide. Expansion into the Western Territories gave light to the American dream of freedom and independence. The Eternal Doctrine Manifest Destiny is the eternal doctrine because it is unsure of...

Post Cold War Africa Inter State Conflict Research Paper

Post Cold War Africa Inter State Conflict - Research Paper Example The African continent has witnessed great disparities between the rich and the poor. Unemployment and social insecurities make it easy for any powerful individual to breed hatred and start intrastate wars. Despite this, there has been a progressive global decline in political violence since the end of the cold war probably due to the increased emphasis on peacekeeping and peace building activities3. Africa is a potentially volatile continent with a couple of unstable governments. The Berlin conference opened up the continent for division amongst major western powers who created artificial boundaries without considering the existent traditional modes of government. To consolidate their power, the colonialists destroyed the cultural and traditional symbols of power, but the large expanse of the African continent became ungovernable because of limited human and capital resources4. The divide and rule policy employed to control Africans sowed seeds of bitterness and discontent, which con tinue to cause major intrastate conflicts. Despite imposing the western culture and way of life on Africans, western colonialists did not empower Africans with the right quality of education, culture, and economic infrastructure for effective governance and stability5. After independence, most African countries lacked effective systems of governance, economic independence, and were left without direction. Africans lacked self-direction because they had been equipped with useless skills. They could not rebuild the traditional power structures nor institute economic and social development essential for stability. Artificial boundaries crammed diverse ethnic people with different traditional values, practices, and cultures together. The social strife experiences and lack of national economic opportunities deprived majority of Africans the bond of nationalism present in developed countries of the world6. A glaring example is countries colonized by the British who have failed to develop strong national identities, cultural integrity, and social cohesion essential for national stability and progress7. Majority of the African leaders who ascended to power after Africa got independence were unequipped and unsuitable for leadership. This has continued to date with majority of them being overly ambitious and corrupt. The absence of effective independent social and political institutions of governance has made political leaders too powerful, often exploiting their authority to amass assets for their own financial gain. Because of their past crimes, these leaders go to great lengths to remain in power at the expense of their people. In the past, they used single party leadership oppressing many citizens. Corrupt and inefficient regimes contributed to development of intrastate wars with many unnecessary deaths, pain, and suffering8. After independence, most African states created strong state police departments and military forces. Corrupt leaders and regimes illegally use these forces to consolidate their power through ruthless crackdown of any opposition9. Sustained oppression, lack of civil freedoms, and poor economic growth lead to instability due to gross violations of basic human rights10. Many African state police and military police do not uphold basic human rights for their people